O baara la, .bololanɛgɛye yɔrɔ jɔnjɔn ye min be mɔgɔw ni masinw cɛ. A ka kɛ dumuni ɲuman ye min be kɛ masinw dilan wagati la wala torsi yɛlɛmani valve dayɛlɛli n’a datugu wagati la, bolola wɛɛrɛ be baara kɛ ni fanga ye ka kɛ lineari tigitigi ye wala yɛlɛmani ye min be kɛ ni hakilitigi ye. O fɛn nɔgɔman min be komi a ka nɔgɔ, o be ni mekaniki sariyakolo caaman ye i n’a fɔ yɛlɛmaniw, levier sariyakolo, ɲɔgɔndan mekaniki, ani fɛn wɛrɛw.
Kɔnɔw ka tablo
1. Bololafɛnw labɛncogo jɔnjɔn: baarakɛɲɔgɔnya labɛnnin ka bɔ rim la ka taga se sɛrɛkili .
2. Sariya yɛlɛmani: yɛlɛmani ka bɔ yɛlɛmani na ka taga linear lamage .
3. Mɛkanikali cogoyaw: jatebɔ modɛli min be baara kɛ ni fanga ye ani torque .
4. Danfara min be baarakɛcogo la, o be se ka kɛ cogo min na .
5. Fɛɛn jɔnjɔnw dilan cogo ani dilan cogo: baarakɛcogo dafalenw ka bɔ minanw na ka taga se tilenninya ma .
6. Industriw ka koow: fɛɛrɛ hakilimanw ani adamadenw ka fɛɛrɛw yɛlɛmani .
1. Bololafɛnw labɛncogo jɔnjɔn: baarakɛɲɔgɔnya labɛnnin ka bɔ rim la ka taga se sɛrɛkili .
1. Rim: “yɔrɔ fɔlɔ” min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ .
Rim ye bolola baara jɔnjɔn ye, ani a labɛncogo be tugu ɲɔgɔndan sariya kɔ:
O yɔrɔ la: nɛgɛ min ka teli ka kɛ (a yɔrɔ min be se ka yɛlɛma (a yɔrɔ min be se ka yɛlɛma), o ye konvekisi yɔrɔw ye, yɔrɔ minw be yɛlɛma. Ɲɛyirali fɛ, masin minan dɔ be 0,8mm net texte ta, o ɲɔgɔndan hakɛ be caya ka bɔ 0,3 la ka kɛ 0,6 ye, ani a be dɔgɔya ni 40% ye n’a be baara kɛra ni bolo jiman ye;
Diamɛtiri sugandili: Bololafɛnw bɛɛ bonya fanba ye 100-300mm ye, a ka dɔgɔ kojugu (<80mm) will increase the operating force, too large (>400mm) bena yɔrɔ ta. Bololafɛn min be baara kɛ ni vanne ye, o bonya be baarakɛlaw lasun u k’u kunbiri gwan ka baara kɛ, o be se ka baara kɛcogo dɔgɔya ni 25% ye.
2. Kuma/spokes: balansi fanga ni yeelen cɛ .
A ka c’a la, kuma hakɛ ka teli ka kɛ 3-6 ye, ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye min be sɔrɔ mekaniki dɛmɛ fɛ:
Kuma minw ka gwɛlɛ: 3 kumacogo 3 be kɛ yɔrɔ basiginin ye, min bɛnnin lo ni yeelen doni ye (i n’a fɔ minɛnw yɛlɛmani bololafɛnw);
Oval ka kuma: 6 be kuma gwɛlɛya jɛnsɛn. Masini girinman dɔ be se ka 6-spoke dilan cogo ta, ani doni yɛlɛmani be caya ka bɔ 50Nsi la ka kɛ 120Nɛmu ye, ani yɛlɛmani be dɔgɔya ni 30% ye.
3. Hub ani shoft dingɛ: "barika" ka ɲɛsin yɛlɛmani ma .
Hub be nɛgɛso ni sɔgɔlan dingɛ ɲɔgɔn minɛ, ani kilɛ be sɔrɔ koksiality control kɔnɔ:
Keyway dilan cogo: bolokuru gansanw be baara kɛ ni kile pɛtɛnin ye (GB/T 1096), ani torque min be yɛlɛma, o ka dɔgɔ ni 50Nsi ye wala a be bɛn n’o ye;
Tension sleeve ɲɔgɔndan: bolokuruba- bolokurunw be baara kɛ ni tension bolow ye (ISO 286-1), ani kokɛli fili ka dɔgɔ ni 0,05mm ye. Ɲɛyirali fɛ, bolokuru min be se ka yɛlɛma yɛlɛma, o be baara kɛ ni tension bolo ye walisa ka se ka 0,001mm feed ka tiɲɛn sɔrɔ.
4. Bolo/grip: ergonomi .
O bolo be baarakɛcogo lafiya yira ani a labɛnna ka kɛɲɛ ni bolokuru ka kuruwa ye:
Silindiri bolo: diamɛtiri 30{{2}40mm, janya 80-120mm, min bɛnnin lo ni yɛlɛmani ye wagatijan kɔnɔ;
D-type minɛli: furakɛli minɛn bolo be baara kɛ ni D-type bolo ye, yɔrɔ min be se ka yɛlɛma, o be caya ni 20% ye, ani opereli sɛgɛsɛgɛri be dɔgɔya ni 35% ye.
2. Sariya yɛlɛmani: yɛlɛmani min be kɛ ka bɔ yɛlɛmani na ka taga lineer la .
1. Gear- bolokurunw: A ka ɲi ka jateminɛ kɛ modɛli kan ani ɲin hakɛ .
Bololafɛnw be piniyɔn boli walisa ka nɛgɛso wala minanbaw boli walisa ka se ka yɛlɛma:
Module (m): a be yɛlɛmaniw yira. Ni m=2, a yɔrɔ ye 6,28mm ye. Bolo min be kɛ ni mansin ye, o ka modɛli ye 3 ye, ani a be bɛn ni 60-tooth ye, a be ni 180mm ye yɛlɛmani kelen kelen bɛɛ la;
Ɲɛyirali fɛ,: i=Z2/Z1 (Z ye ɲin hakɛ ye). Ni i=10, bolokuru be yɛlɛma siɲɛ 10 ani bɔli yɔrɔ be yɛlɛma siɲɛ 1, ka se ka yɛlɛma ani ka torsi caya.
2. Worm gear bolo: ka yɛrɛye- datugulan kalan .
Ka baara kɛ ni turm ye ka tumu bolifɛn boli, a be se ka yɛlɛma k’a sɔrɔ a be se ka yɛlɛma yɔrɔ wɛrɛ:
Tumu kungolow hakɛ: 1/0}}hew ka tumu be ni transmisɔn hakɛba ye (i=40-80), nka baarakɛcogo dɔgɔyali (<50%);
Worm ka minanw: nɛgɛ nɛgɛ (ZCuSn10Pb1), ka tumu fani don, asansɛri dɔ be baara kɛ ni tumu ye min be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fani don a yɛrɛ ma bolo bɔli kɔ.
3. I ka bolokuruw sɛgɛsɛgɛ: helix angle be baarakɛcogo ɲuman yira .
Bololafɛnw be yɛlɛma ka fani boli, ani nɛgɛ be yɛlɛma cogo kelen na:
Helikisi yɔrɔ (λ): yɛrɛyetun{0}} datugu ni λ .<4°, suitable for jack handwheel; efficiency>90% ni λ=15 degere , min bɛnnin lo ni masinw ka feed gaman ye;
Juru (P): P=× kungolo × kungolo hakɛ, bolokuru dɔ be ni 5mm ye, a be 5mm balo yɛlɛma kelen kelen bɛɛ la, ani a be 0,01mm/grid tiɲɛn sɔrɔ ni dial ye.
4. Friction transmission bolo: anti{1}}}slip dilan cogo .
O yɛlɛmani be kɛ ni ɲɔgɔndan ye min be sɔrɔ nɛgɛkunbɛnnan ni yɔrɔ min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, o min ka teli ka kɛ yɛlɛmaniw na:
Frikisiyɔn hakɛ (μ): nɛgɛ-colated rim μ=0.8, min bɛnnin lo ka ɲɛ, i n’a fɔ mikroskopu min be bolokuru sinsin, degere 1 yɛlɛmani 0,002mm;
Yɛlɛmani don a la: i ka degun yɛlɛma ka kɛɲɛ ni ji bɔyɔrɔw ye wala n’a yɔrɔw ye, ani sɛgɛsɛgɛrikɛminanw ka bolofɛnw labɛncogo be se ka yɛlɛma ka kɛɲɛ ni doni sifa caaman ye.
3.Mekaniki cogoyaw: jatebɔ modɛli min be baara kɛ ni fanga ye ani torque .
1. Jatebɔ fɔrimili: T=F × r .
Radius (r): Ni bolokurunw ka radius be bonya ka taga, o baarakɛcogo ka dɔgɔ (F). Misaliya la: 200mm bolo la (r{2}}mm), ni 50NSFC torque bɔli ka kan ka kɛ, F{{4}Nɛmu/0.1m=500N;
Adamaden-masini dancɛ: Cɛɛ kɔrɔba ka baarakɛcogo min be to ka kɛ, o ka kan ka kɛ 300N ye wala a ka kan. N’a tɛmɛna, fɛɛrɛ dɔ ka kan ka fara a kan. Misaliya la, bolokuru girinman - valve valve be ni yɛlɛmalan teliya caya ye, ani baarakɛcogo be dɔgɔya ka bɔ 800N la ka taga se saan 200N ma.
2. Lever ka yɛlɛmani: Ka baara kɛ ni yɔrɔ min be baara kɛ, o lɔyɔrɔ jɔnjɔn .
Bolo yɔrɔ janya (lever) min be yɔrɔ min na, o be nɔɔ to yɛlɛmani kan:
Eccentric bue: Bololabolo bolo minɛ 50mm eccentric, ani torque be caya ni 15% ye operatɛri kelen kɔnɔ;
Symmetrie bue: Bolo filanin be fanga balan, i n’a fɔ kurun ka bolifɛn min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, walisa fanga min be sɔrɔ yɔrɔ kelen na, o ka se k’o kɛ.
3. Friction tununi ani baarakɛcogo ɲuman .
Ka kɛ ni sugandili ye, o be yɛlɛmani kɛcogo ɲuman yira:
Yirali: ɲɔgɔndan hakɛ 0,1-0.2, min bɛnnin lo bololafɛnw ma minw ka teliya ka dɔgɔ (<50rpm);
O la, a be se ka kɛ ko 0,001-0,005, bolola baara min be kɛ teliya la, o be baara kɛ ni sɔgɔlanw ye minw ka jan, u ka baarakɛcogo be caya ka bɔ 85% la ka taga se 98% ma, ani saan kɔnɔ, kuran min be dɔgɔya, o be dɔgɔya ni 20% ye.
4. Faamuyali ni sigicogo barikaman .
Minɛnw sugandili ka kan ka baara kɛ ni baarakɛcogo ɲuman ye:
Cast iron handwheel: tensile strength ≥200MPa, suitable for heavy loads (>100N・m);
Aliminiyɔmu bololanɛgɛw: a ka fanga ka dɔgɔ dɔɔni (150MPa), nka 50% ka nɔgɔ, a ka fisa ni minan dɔw ye minw be se ka ta ka taga n’a ye.
4. Ka kɛɲɛ ni sariyaw ye minw be sɔrɔ baarakɛcogo ɲumanw koo la .
1. Masini minɛnw bololabɔla: Mikron- feed feed feed .
Dial sariyakolo: Bololafɛnw be nɛgɛ min ta, o be yɛlɛma, i n’a fɔ 5mm, nɛgɛ 100, ani grid kelen kelen bɛɛ ye 0,05mm ye;
Anti-backlash fɛɛrɛ: Lasɔmini-preaded gear fila be baara kɛ ka kɔfɛla slash ban. O kɔfɛ, bolokuru dɔ bolo la, o be kɔfɛtagama bɔ, fili kɔfɛ be dɔgɔya ka bɔ 0,02mm na ka kɛ 0,005mm ye.
2. Aw ye bolokuru jɛɛ: Baarakɛyɔrɔ- ka se ka fɛnw labɛn ka ɲɛ .
Multi-sitɛsi dɔgɔyali: bolola → yɛlɛmalan fitininw → vanne 1 valve 12, yɛlɛmani hakɛ be se ka se 50:1 ma, ani DN300 valve be dɔgɔya ka bɔ 1200N la ka taga se 40N ma ka taga se 3-stage dɔgɔyali ma;
Position feact: O yɔrɔ min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ ani min be se ka yɛlɛma, o be valve dayɛlɛyɔrɔ yira walisa ka se ka tiɲɛni bali ka kɛ yɔrɔ min na, o sababu ye - ye.
3. Dɔgɔtɔrɔya minanw bololafɛnw: a ka kan ka kɛ yɔrɔ min na, a ka dɔgɔ ni yɔrɔ min na, a ka dɔgɔ .
Seramiki bearings: 0,0005, ani nɔgɔ kɛlɛli, i n’a fɔ CT ka layɔrɔ yɛlɛmani bolo la ni ceramiki nɛgɛw ye, walisa ka se ka yɛlɛmani miliyɔn caaman kɛ k’a sɔrɔ gɛlɛya tɛ yen;
Sugandili min be kɛ ni yɔrɔ ye: kiritigɛfɛn gɛlɛn (a ka nɔgɔ Ra Less ka tɛmɛ 0,2 μm kan), a ka nɔgɔ ka dɔlɔ jɔɔsi ani ka bana, ka kɛɲɛ ni ISO 13485 furakɛli minanw sariyaw ye.
4. Aerospace bololafɛnw: baarakɛcogo lanaya min be se ka kɛ ni girinya tɛ
O cogo kelen na, fanga min be sɔrɔ, o be bɛn ni axis coincis ye walisa a kana yɛlɛma ka bɔ -}axis la girinyabali wagati la. Sateliti ka miiriya yɛlɛmani bolo la, o be se ka gɛrɛntɛ hakɛ sɔrɔ a ka girinya fɛ;
Funteni min be se ka yɛlɛma: polimidi (-200 degere ~{1}} degere ) be kɛ ka baara kɛ cogo ɲuman na yɔrɔ juguw la.
5. Fɛɛn jɔnjɔnw dilan cogo ani dilan cogo: baarakɛcogo dafanin ka bɔ minanw na ka taga se tilenninya ma .
1. Fɛɛnw sugandili sariyakolo saba .
Load matching: ABS nɛgɛ (a sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ) ka doni, aliminiyɔmu nɛgɛ (YL112) ta doni hakɛ cɛmancɛ la, ani ka nɛgɛ (HT200) fili doni gɛlɛn kan;
Lamini yɛlɛmani: nɛgɛ 304 nɛgɛ tɛ yɔrɔ min na, nɛgɛ (H62) ka ɲɛsin funteniba ma. Simi minan dɔ bolo dɛsɛra ka sabu kɛ nɔgɔ ye saan tilancɛ kɔnɔ sabu a ma baara kɛ ni nɛgɛ gwansan ye.
2. Anti-slip fɛɛrɛ min be kɛ ka yɔrɔw furakɛ .
Knurling baara: mesh knurling (GB/T 6403,3) ni 0,5-1mm dunni ye, min bɛnnin lo yɔrɔ jalen ma;
Bololafɛnw: nitirili nɛgɛ min be ni Shore gɛlɛya ye min be 70-80A ye, bolo jiman baara ka ɲɔgɔndan hakɛ be caya ka se 0,7 ma, i n’a fɔ ka bolokuru dilan minanw dilan.
3. Ka kɛɲɛ ni sariyaw ye ani ka muɲu .
Suu dingɛw muɲu: H7/g6 ka fani (sɛgɛsɛgɛri) walisa ka bolola wuluw ka yɛlɛma yɛlɛma cogo nɔgɔman na. Masini minan dɔ bolo la, o kɛra sababu ye ka dumuni jami kɛ ka sabu kɛ bugun yɔrɔ nɔgɔnin ye;
Radial drout: bolokurun tilennin min ka dɔgɔ ni 0,02mm ye wala min be bɛn n’o ye, bolokuru gansan ka dɔgɔ ni 0,1mm ye wala min be bɛn n’o ye, sɛgɛsɛgɛri barikaman (ISO 1940) walisa ka se ka yɛlɛma ka ɲɛ.
4. Kɔrɔbɔliw ani ɲɛnamaya sɛgɛsɛgɛri .
Sɛgɛsɛgɛri: Torque ka fanga dɔgɔyali ka tɛmɛ 10% kan wala a be bɛn 10% ma yɛlɛmani 500 000 kɔ. Bololafɛnw sifa dɔ ye kɔrɔbɔli miliyɔn 1 tɛmɛ, ani a ka ɲɛnamaya ye baarakɛyɔrɔ ka sariya ye siɲɛ fila;
Doni sɛgɛsɛgɛli laban: Aw ye 1,5 kɛ ka torque torque kɛ miniti 10 kɔnɔ k’a sɔrɔ u ma deformasiyɔn kɛ walisa ka lafiya sɔrɔ.
6.Initɛriw ka fɛɛrɛw: Fɛɛrɛw lɔnniya ani adamadenw ka fɛɛrɛw yɛlɛmani .
1. Bolo hakilitigi: encoder lɔyɔrɔ min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ .
Absolute encoder: n’a sɔrɔ bolokuru min be bɔ bolo la, o be yɛlɛma, ni 0,01 degere ye . CNC masin minan dɔ bolo la, bolokuru dɔ be don a la ni encoder ye, bolola feed ka sɛbɛri dijital be faamu;
Torque sensɔri: yɛrɛ yɛrɛ la, a be se ka kɛ ko a be baara kɛ ni fanga ye, a be se ka yɛlɛma, i n’a fɔ fiɲɛbɔlanw marali bolo, walisa ka minanw bali ka tiɲɛ, o be sɔrɔ operasiyɔn fɛ.
2. Bolo min be se ka yɛlɛma: tiɲɛn-time yɛlɛmani
Magnetorheological justing: ka yɛlɛma yɛlɛma fanga yɛlɛma ka tɛmɛ sisan fɛ, minɛn dɔ min be se ka yɛlɛma yɛlɛma, o ye 0-5Nsi ye, o min be se ka bɛn ni tiɲɛn ye;
Mamping min be se ka yɛlɛma: ɲɔgɔndan pilaki + ka sɛnɛ, yɛlɛmani nɔgɔman lɛrɛ fɛ, yɛlɛmani min be kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni wagati ye, o be dɔ fara a kan, walisa a kana kɛ ka mɔgɔw weele ka na.
3. Fɛɛn nɔgɔman dilan: Karbɔni fiyɛw be baara kɛ .
Karibɔni fiyɛ bolo: Densité 1,8g/cm3, nɛgɛ 1/4 dɔrɔn, fanga min be se ka se 300MPa ma, o ye fiɲɛbɔlan dɔ ye min be dɔ bɔ a ka girinya la ni 60% ye, ani a be se ka baara kɛ cogo ɲuman na;
Hollow ka kumaw: 3D min sɛbɛra ka bɔ yɔrɔ min na, o ye 30% ye k’a sɔrɔ a be fanga mara, a be bɛn ni minanw ye minw be se ka ta ka taga yɔrɔ bɛɛ.
4. Adamaden- ɔridinatɛri ka jɛnɲɔgɔnya ɲuman: sɛrɛkili min be bɛn ni bolokunnanden ye .
Biyoniki dilan cogo: Arc arc be bɛn n’a bolokunnanden kurunin ye. Dɔgɔtɔrɔya bolo dɔ tɛmɛna ergonomi sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, ani opereli sɛgɛsɛgɛri wagati tun be kɛ ka bɔ miniti 30 la ka taga se lɛri 2 ma;
Anti-slip ka yɛlɛmani: farikolo yɔrɔ min be weele ko bioniki, o be baara kɛ ni 20% ye, ani a tɛ ganw don, o min be bɛn ni izini ka ergonomi hakɛ ye (ISO 6385).
Fɔkasurunya
Bololafɛnw ka mekaniki sariyakolo ye "Adamaden ka donni yɛlɛmani ɲuman ye ani mekaniki bɔli ye". Ka bɔ nɛgɛso ka ɲɔgɔndan na ka taga se nɛgɛ yɛlɛmani ma, k’a ta yɛlɛma teliya dɔgɔyali n’a ka torsi caya la ka taga se ergonomi bolo cogoya ma, fɛn kelen kelen bɛɛ be mekaniki dilan ka hakilitigiya yira. Ni fɛɛrɛ hakilimanw ni fɛɛrɛ nɔgɔmanw be yiriwara, bololafɛnw be yɛlɛmana ka bɔ baarakɛcogo nɔgɔmanw na ka taga se terminal terminaliw ma minw be ni miiriya ɲumanw ye ani minw be se ka yɛlɛma. Lizini minanw ta fan fɛ, ka bololafɛnw ka mekaniki sariyaw faamu, o tɛ se ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman dɔrɔn lo fisaya, nka a be se ka gɛlɛya dɔw fana bali i n’a fɔ “yɛlɛmani fanga” ka bɔ dilanyɔrɔ la. Otomatiki ni dizitali yɛlɛmani na, bolokuruw, i n’a fɔ "lakanali laban min be kɛ adamaden- ɔridinatɛri ɲɔgɔndan kama", o bena to ka mekaniki baarakɛcogo tiɲɛtigiya n’a ka nɔgɔya sabati sariya sira fɛ.
